Montelibero project news, issue 11

The previous issue was mainly about how the start of the war affected the project (in short: the influx of people accelerated, and bringing in money became harder). Since then, the war has become routine, it no longer attracts as much painful attention, and people have switched back to peaceful life.

Construction of the settlement is progressing actively; the first two foundations were poured the other day.

The media coverage of the project has also grown significantly. I am no longer the main mouthpiece of Montelibero, but just an old information channel, but the main content is now provided by entirely different people. For example, you can check out a short drone video on Soz’s channel, which clearly shows where the settlement is located relative to the nearest town and what the activity on site looks like. Soz has taken over my role as the main construction inspector; I can breathe a sigh of relief. Or, for instance, Viktor gave an interview to a friendly project creating a decentralized legal platform, where he explained who we are and why we gathered here.

There are currently fifty Montelibero activists who have directly relocated to Montenegro (the strangest thing for me is that there are very few members of the Libertarian Party of Russia among them—it’s completely unclear where they all went; some remained in the RF and are active, but most seem to have vanished without a trace). Additionally, a core of supporters from the diaspora is being formed; they haven’t fully integrated yet but are gradually participating in various activities. Here, of course, the club mentioned in the previous issue turned out to be an important center of attraction. The premises are still being tidied up, but in parallel, they regularly host various events: English and poker clubs, D&D and more modern board games, birthdays, and simple gatherings to celebrate the arrival of various guests.

Tokenomics continues to strengthen. The MTL Fund and individual private investors have invested their capital into a car rental organization project. The first convertible has already been purchased and rented out; now simpler cars are being bought. Our Euro-pegged stablecoins are already accepted by a fairly large number of businesses. By the way, if you followed the previous link, you might have seen that the project has acquired its own directory on a wiki engine; there is hope that this will slightly reduce the flow of identical questions in the chats.

I hope you are subscribed to the main project telegram channel, and for you, my news selection is just a very modest summary of what you’ve already read, as you’ve long been aware of all our inner workings.

It will soon be a year since my arrival in Montenegro, and that decision so far seems like the most successful one in my life. I have never had so many active, free people around me with whom I am on the same wavelength. I hope that similar decisions become the most successful in your lives as well.

Morazanograd and Montelibero

I recently read an interesting article by Spencer McCallum on the friendly site panarchy.ru with the tedious title The Community Enterprise: Market Competition, Land and the Environment. Alexey Korshunov, who posted this article, claims that one of the three private contractual jurisdictions in Honduras, Ciudad Morazán—which he refers to in a Russian style as Morazanograd—operates on the principles described in it, and in which he, as it happened, became the first resident. (By the way, not long ago he crowdfunded a ticket to the most famous Honduran ZEDE called Prospera, traveled there, and subsequently posted a report on the state of affairs in this flagship project)

Briefly, McCallum’s article contains the following ideas. The value of a piece of land can be defined as the sum of external effects directed toward that plot from all other property objects. If the landowner is separated from its immediate use and rents it out to several tenants, they are usually extremely interested in maximizing the rental income, and therefore have market incentives to create the most favorable environment possible for the tenants. For this reason, the author argues, where land is occupied by individual houses or, worse, apartment buildings where the apartments are owned by the residents, each owner maximizes their own living convenience; however, where significant areas are rented out to numerous tenants, a lush variety of ways to use these spaces begins to flourish, from cafes and shops to coworking spaces and laboratories. The task of the administrator of a particular business center essentially boils down to providing utilities to tenants and minimizing friction between tenants and the state. A kind of “protection racket” for the healthy person.

Morazanograd is designed to provide its residents with the maximum possible security for Honduras, acceptable living conditions, and a place to earn money. In creating the Montelibero settlement, we are not entirely following the recommendations laid out in the article: instead of leaving all the land under the ownership of the foundation, developing it centrally, and renting it only to residents, we sliced approximately two-thirds into small private pieces for independent development, while the rest was indeed left for rent. Thus, we should end up with a field experiment to see which concept works better. In any case, we are still at the stage of laying the centralized infrastructure, much like Morazanograd, except that we are not building a fence around the settlement, as Montenegro is not a place where one should fear the neighbors.

Dear-to-the-heart Morazanograd construction hassles, we still have all this ahead of us

Montelibero project news, issue 10

The previous issue was almost entirely dedicated to how we are intricately digging up the ground at the site of the future libertarian settlement so that it remains drier during the rainy season. I would prefer to continue talking about such domestic trifles, but since then, you know, a war has broken out.

Crisis centers to assist Ukrainian refugees were deployed in several cities in Montenegro. Volunteers from our project took an active part in the work of the Bar center. In Budva, a participant of the Montelibero project began helping refugees obtain residence permits on a pro bono basis. We also attempted to send humanitarian aid to Ukraine, primarily medications, but it was unsuccessful: too many borders and bureaucratic hurdles; such things would be easier to handle from countries bordering Ukraine.

Sanctions have greatly complicated life not only for those who remain in Russia feeding Putin’s regime with taxes, but also for those who moved to more decent places in advance. For instance, it has become much harder for us to transfer Russian investments to Montenegro to finance construction, and those of us who worked remotely for Russian companies faced both a sharp decrease in income in euro equivalent due to the fall of the ruble, and additional commissions to turn rubles on Russian bank cards into euro cash. EURMTL — our internal euro stablecoin — is also creaking, since its main feature was always free conversion between tokens and euro cash, and now, apparently, we will not be able to avoid the appearance of cash-out fees.

Another direct consequence of the war was that many project participants, who had previously been slowly planning their move to Montenegro, were forced to urgently speed up and rush here in haste. In one month, the size of the Montenegrin libertarian community doubled, and now there are more than forty of us here. Gathering everyone together in some cafe became impossible, so we rented a separate pavilion that had stood abandoned since the time of Covid and began to tidy it up. Now we have a place for meetings, and soon we plan to start giving lectures on libertarianism there. This is quite relevant because we have already become quite noticeable to the local Russian-speaking diaspora, and people are keenly interested in who we are and what motivates us. In the good old days, when the activity of the libertarian party was flourishing in Russia, in no Russian city with a population of 20,000 people (like Bar) or even 40,000 people (counting Budva) did the number of libertarian activists even come close to four dozen, so we have already created a concentration of libertarians higher than it ever was anywhere in the RF, and this is only the beginning. Forgive me, I’m starting to sound like Svetlov, I need to tone down the pathos.

Despite all the problems described above, construction in the Montelibero settlement continues. Utilities are being laid throughout the site: sewage pipes and channels for everything else: water pipes, cables, and so on.

We are waiting for the results of the parcelization to finally be reflected in the state cadastre so that the land can be divided among the co-owners, but the Montenegrin state is an exceptionally slow thing. It is possible that the first houses will begin to be built even before the property rights to the plots are fixed.

It is still unclear whether a delegation from us will go to Liberticon, but we have agreed with the organizers to place our advertisements, and we also asked one of the Russian expat-libertarians living in the Czech Republic to present our project.


In short, now even the complete closure of the borders with Russia will not stop us; the foundation is already sufficient to continue growing without the influx of new Russian immigrants. But a nuclear war in Europe, perhaps, could seriously damage our plans; we would like to do without it.

Anti-Russian post

Sorry that I didn’t cancel Bitarch’s scheduled post; it completely slipped my mind with everything going on, and the publication was somewhat out of place. Now, let’s get to the point.

In a recent post about mercantilism, I pointed out that today it is a tool not for achieving wealth, but for war. The market is a tool for peaceful people, and economic sanctions are the flip side of that tool. Specifically, if you, the reader, can find any way to make the Russian state poorer, I will be glad if you apply it. I will be even gladder if you can do this without danger to your life, and if it doesn’t hit your own wallet too hard—after all, the resources of a peaceful person and a state differ greatly, and it’s better to avoid clearly suicidal actions, unless, of course, you believe you can achieve some truly important goal for yourself this way.

If you go out onto Russian streets to protest the war, try not to get arrested. If you do get arrested, at least try not to pay the fines afterward. If there is an opportunity to emigrate immediately (for example, if you have remote work, you are not burdened by real estate, sick relatives, and so on), do it. Even if you continue to work remotely for some Russian enterprise, at least you won’t be paying consumption taxes to Russia. If you are burdened by things like clothes, cats, or studying political science, I hope you will soon rethink the priorities in your life, although you certainly know best.

Montenegro remains visa-free for Russians for now, so for some time it will still be possible to get here relatively freely. One of the MonteLibero participants has already issued a statement that they are ready to help free of charge in obtaining a residence permit for everyone who is forced to leave Ukraine for Montenegro and asks for help. I cannot formulate a similarly broad offer for everyone wishing to urgently ditch Russia on my part, but I will certainly help with advice on settling in.

Even if you are thrilled that Putin is finally cracking down on Ukrainian Nazis, I still hope that you leave Russia, but preferably far away from me.

In general, the best thing that could happen to Russians in the coming years is if they completely lose their own statehood and scatter across the world. Change my mind.

I reread what I wrote and see that it came out terribly dry. That’s why I love texts. You can write three paragraphs of emotion and pathos, exhale, and erase them.

Montelibero Tokenomics. Part 1, theoretical.

Everything related to “crypto” is a hype topic, and moreover, a source of endless disputes between adherents of different development paths for the fashionable crypto industry. I would like to bring a bit more clarity to how this is organized here in Montelibero, so that you can make informed decisions about whether it is worth investing in us, and if so, exactly what to invest in.

What is tokenomics? It is the economics of tokens, that is, the structure of the market in which they circulate, the rules, traditions, and (importantly) the purpose of their circulation.

What are tokens? Applied to our situation, these are information objects that circulate instead of the real objects that the tokens symbolize. A company share is a token of ownership in a company. A futures contract for a barrel of oil is a token for the obligation to deliver a barrel of oil. The British pound was a token for a pound of silver. More accurately, it used to be, but then it scammed, and now it continues to circulate without its previous commodity backing.

Tokens are not cryptocurrencies. We will not even try to define what cryptocurrencies are here, because people tend to understand this as too broad a class of objects. Therefore, we simply state that there are some cryptocurrencies on the basis of which it is convenient to issue one’s own tokens. For the tokenomics of Montelibero, the Stellar blockchain was initially chosen, in which its own cryptocurrency called Lumen circulates. There were exclusively technical reasons for this:

  • transactions are very cheap
  • the transaction language is quite advanced
  • there is a decent set of tools for managing tokenomics based on Stellar
  • among the participants of the Montelibero project, there are people who understand these tools

Why did we decide to create tokenomics around Montelibero? In principle, there are precedents for the creation of collective projects where there is simply an initiative group that does the work, volunteers can join them, and donations can be made to them. You can also buy the product of their activity or futures for it.

But this is all a rather opaque story. If you buy from us a promise for a piece of land, and the record of this is stored somewhere in the history of our correspondence or on our website, you will reasonably fear that tomorrow this record may disappear, and you will have no way to prove it was there. If the tokens of all our public promises lie on a blockchain that we do not control, we cannot pretend they do not exist, although nothing still prevents us from reneging on the promises, despite the undeniable fact of their existence. Unfortunately, not even insurance companies provide a hundred percent guarantee, and here you (and we) will have to rely primarily on the institution of reputation.

The goal of the Montelibero project is the wide implementation of libertarian practices in Montenegro. For this, we need many successful libertarians to appear in Montenegro, acting in accordance with their principles. To achieve this, we need to ensure this very success for the libertarians relocating to Montenegro.

Therefore, the key token in the tokenomics of Montelibero is the token of the eponymous investment fund, called MTL. The funds raised from the issuance of these tokens are invested by us in the development of the infrastructure necessary for the settlers, invested in their business, as well as invested in the business of libertarians outside Montenegro, if we expect to receive income from this. Or we simply save it for future targeted investments. Buyers of MTL tokens, accordingly, receive the right to regular dividends, the size of which is not fixed and is determined solely by the profit received from the fund’s investments.

In what are the dividends paid? Allow me to introduce the second key token of the system – the stablecoin EURMTL… Stop. Now I need to speak in more detail about stablecoins.

Stablecoins are private money with stable purchasing power, usually pegged to certain state currencies. Why money should be private, and how the stability of the exchange rate will be ensured, can be read briefly in Friedman’s Free to Choose in the chapter The Market for Money. Many stablecoins circulate in the world, but mostly they are pegged to the dollar, while the euro is used in Montenegro. Therefore, we made our own and issued it on the same blockchain as all our other tokens. Now it is the main unit of account for our entire tokenomics, for which any asset traded within the project can be acquired. But not only that.

Furthermore, EURMTL can be exchanged 1:1 for cash euros with any of our guarantors in Montenegro. Therefore, those of us who have already relocated to Montenegro use EURMTL among ourselves as cashless euros, for example, in situations where it is necessary to split a check in a coffee shop. This is much more convenient than transfers between bank accounts. We hope that over time the network of users of our stablecoin will expand enough to begin significantly influencing the economy of Montenegro, and this competition will spur local clumsy banks to improve the quality of their services.

And if you do not live in Montenegro yet, but participate in our tokenomics, we also guarantee you the possibility to exchange EURMTL for Lumens at the current exchange rate of the euro (for this, we keep open orders to buy EURMTL for Lumens on the Stellar exchange built into the system, automatically recalculating the rate according to the fluctuations of the euro price). Then, with the Lumens received, you can go to any exchange you trust and change them into state money of your choice (including the money of the state of El Salvador, i.e., Bitcoins).

What does the fund primarily invest in? Since we are preparing infrastructure for settlers, the fund has acquired a hectare of land and is now improving it. This hectare was also tokenized, so the third important token in our tokenomics is MTLCITY. Some of these tokens were bought by settlers or those planning to move to Montenegro in the near future. In accordance with their share in the total mass of MTLCITY tokens, their owners will receive ownership of their land plots when the land is prepared for privatization. This token is no longer traded on the primary market and is only used for accounting as to who is entitled to what area of land. Immediately before privatization, we will conduct a final offsetting, when those whose number of tokens is excessive for the real plot they claim will sell them at par to those whose number of tokens is insufficient.

Another important direction of the fund’s investments is the GPA tokens – the business of one of our first settlers, specializing in offline trade directly in Montenegro, as well as the MTLBR tokens – a construction company that is currently engaged in the improvement of the land acquired by the fund, but plans to enter a wider market over time.

I will not list all the tokens in the Montelibero system in this article – at the very least, I don’t know them all. Generally speaking, anyone can issue their own token; the other matter is to ensure its circulation. For example, I also have a token ANCAPCHAN, but, as you can see, its liquidity cannot be called outstanding. With its help, I merely recorded my debt to the fund, which spent money on my naturalization in Montenegro, and then after some time repaid it.

In the next article, I intend to give practical instructions for those who decide to dive into all this machinery, and I want to dedicate the third article to the latest promising developments at the intersection of tokenomics and cryptocurrencies, which I will not even pretend to fully understand myself.

Montelibero project news, issue 9

The previous issue began with a description of the drainage work on the road leading to the future Monte Libero settlement. Over the past month, the drainage has been seriously improved. First, at the very beginning of the road, the area near the spring was completely concreted, and the overflow from the basin was routed into a pipe under this concrete platform.

Secondly, further up the road, wherever there is a risk of erosion, even a small drainage ditch has been added. In general, the road definitely won’t wash away now. Please forgive me for highlighting such minor details, but with the treacherous weather here, you learn to appreciate exactly those details.

While filling in the internal roads of the settlement, serious drainage was required in one particular spot. Upon closer inspection, it was discovered that groundwater runs close to the surface in this area, and for now, water is seeping directly onto the road. This means we have solved the water supply problem! Or rather, we’ve found an approach to the solution. Now the plan is to lead this water aside along the road across the entire width of the aquifer and collect it in a storage basin, from where it can then be used. In short, to do roughly the same thing as we did down there where we concreted the platform. For now, of course, it looks unsightly:

And besides water supply and drainage, the settlement will also need sewage. We decided to make one common septic tank, and it is already practically ready; all that’s left is to dig a drainage ditch away from it (is that too much drainage in one post?), and then sewage pipes will need to be laid throughout the settlement.

We invited a surveyor, and with his help, we divided all the land into separate plots, which are intended to be privatized. My plot is roughly in the center of this image, with an area of 202 sq.m. I hope that in some time I will be able to delight you in my Instagram with images from my own personal construction.

But actually, besides these two large pieces of land, we were also sold an exclave as an add-on—a piece slightly smaller than seven hundred square meters, to which we have no way of bringing a road except through the neighbors.

We have finally cleared it of thick brush as well. It turned out that it is even terraced, which will save some money on its development.

With all these chores, I haven’t yet had the chance to mount a few solar panels on the roof of the hut (there is a stupid regulation here forbidding the placement of panels on the ground, intended to limit solar generation strictly to domestic needs) and check whether all this is capable of powering a miner. But we hope to get to this soon.

Of course, activity within the project is not limited to construction. We have gradually formed a team for creating various targeted promotional content. They released a video with an annual report on the entire project,

as well as a separate video in the local dialect describing unconditional basic income.

There is an opinion that libertarians are social Darwinists who would happily watch the weak die off and clear the field. In practice, however, mutual aid is quite developed in our small community, and project participants from the outside world have decided to support those who have already moved, regularly chipping in money, from which an unconditional income is paid weekly to all libertarians who moved to Montenegro as part of the Monte Libero project—simply the contents of the piggy bank are divided equally among everyone. This is roughly how social welfare works under ancap, without any taxes. For now, it comes to about two and a half euros per person per week, meaning about ten a month. This amount could increase if more people want to fill the pot, or decrease if more people move in while contributions remain the same. Overall, it is an interesting experiment, and it is still waiting for its team of sociologists for a correct description.

Another social program within the project is bike rentals. For about a month, a couple stayed with us, who during that time rode and explored the entire area, for which they bought a pair of bikes. Now this transport has been handed over to the project, and it can be borrowed for donations.

Another subtle but important area of activity in the project is the improvement of tokenomics—the cryptocurrency engine on which everything revolves. The financial reporting of the Monte Libero fund is becoming clearer, signing transactions with multi-sig, and most importantly, reading them before signing, is becoming more convenient (which means more mindful participation in fund management), and our IT specialists have big plans for implementing various new features. Thus, a branch of the fund in Liquid—a Bitcoin sidechain—is gradually being polished. For now, all tokenomics run on the Stellar blockchain, which means hardcore Bitcoiners simply won’t join us because alts are “cringe.” If it’s possible to implement the necessary functionality within the toolkit available in the older and more venerable currency, it could potentially add more investors.

Recently, news flickered that the Slovenian visa center in Montenegro has closed for quarantine, and this is worrying because it was the easiest way to get a Schengen visa here in Montenegro. The thing is, we want to take a Monte Libero delegation at the end of April to a large libertarian convention in Prague, however, COVID and bureaucracy are capable of seriously complicating this task. So, not everything is smooth, but it’s okay, we’ll push through.

Montelibero project news, issue 8

In the previous issue, I mostly talked about how the work on the land of our future settlement is progressing, and now, perhaps, I will start with this topic as it is the most grounded.

We have already laid some of the roads inside the settlement, cleared some stumps, started digging a septic tank, and so on—in short, the routine is underway. Importantly, it rained heavily for almost two weeks without interruption, and we were able to verify that the road was not washed away. However, in one place, we further improved the drainage afterward so that the stream flows along the shoulder rather than wherever it pleases.

Equipment for a small solar power plant is expected to arrive this week—we hesitated for a long time about whether to get involved in this, but electricity prices from the central grid are expected to rise significantly in the foreseeable future, so it seems that autonomous generation is exactly what the doctor ordered right now. This electricity is intended to power the trailer so that we can finally station a security guard there. As for the remaining energy, we are thinking of using it for Bitcoin mining. As an experiment, an old miner was purchased, which is currently buzzing at my home, and after the power plant is installed, it will move to the settlement.

But it’s not just about Bitcoin. Specifically for hardcore gold bugs, the Montelibero fund has released gold tokens, and several ten-gram bars were purchased with the funds collected. Some of them have already been delivered to buyers, while some remain on the fund’s balance. Tokens can be purchased in any fractional shares (worldwide) and exchanged for bars in ten-gram lots (only for residents of Montenegro).

Speaking of tokens. Along with the development of the project’s tokenomics, associated specific risks are increasing: unknown parties have already released several fake tokens on the Stellar blockchain that imitate ours. To avoid falling for such things, I recommend relying only on the tokens you see on the fund’s balance. This incident with scammers has spurred us to try to move to the Liquid Network, as tokens on a Bitcoin sidechain are, of course, far more substantial. If anyone is knowledgeable about this, feel free to drop by the developers’ chat.

However, we are not being promoted by scammers alone. You already know about the Libertarian Band video dedicated to our project. In addition, a local Montenegrin news site and a large Italian community, Instituto liberale – Gruppo nazionale, have written about us. For now, they are writing based on what can be found online, but I believe that reports from the site itself in the media are just around the corner. This motivates us to settle into our construction site as quickly as possible.

Libertarian Band filmed a video about Montelibero!

In my monthly project progress reports, I tend to write more about boring matters, such as how many roads the ancaps have built, but the guys from Libertarian Band examined the entire Montelibero project starting from the basic ideas that formed its foundation, and the result is a quite decent analysis. Although it is felt, of course, that over there in Russia the material is presented in its own context, as a reproach to local libertarian politicians, but from the side, such animation of the material looks rather amusing.

I hope that in preparing the next video dedicated to our project, they will not limit themselves to setting up a wallet and familiarizing themselves with the tokenomics, but will also send a film crew to the site. And by that time, I hope we will have managed to build something, and it will be possible to live in our settlement. However, you are not obliged to wait for a new film to be released; nothing stops you from visiting us as early as tomorrow, meeting the project participants who have already moved to the country, and seeing everything with your own eyes.

Montelibero Project News, Issue 7

In the previous issue, I wrote about the fact that excess forest had been cleared on the plot for our future libertarian village and road construction had begun. As of today, the road to the plot is fully graded, and I can now ride my scooter right under the shade of the native olives.

In the second half of October, I personally took a job working on the road construction and plot clearing, and by yesterday, we already had a full women’s crew working. The work is, of course, not easy, but here in Montenegro, the ladies are quite tough, and one has to keep up. After the first working day, I spent a couple of days recovering, but then I eventually got into the swing of things, and over the past three weeks, I’ve even grown a bit stronger.

The plot has brought in its first small income: several kilograms of olives and some firewood. The highest quality olives were salted, and a tasting is expected in mid-December. The lower quality ones were turned into a liter of oil. I will continue the harvest, but overall the scale will remain modest: without special care, the yield of our olives is small.

As for the firewood, it was sold mainly to neighbors, for self-pickup, and quite cheaply—because long-haul trucks cannot reach the plot, so the logistical costs of hauling the firewood far away would simply eat up all the profit. As of today, 475 euros of this profit has been earned. After this, we will likely stop sales, and the remainder is intended to be kept for the future needs of the village, for which it will be necessary to equip a storage area.

Since the construction of houses will soon begin on the plot, a trailer was delivered there, which is planned to be used as a utility room and a guardhouse. And since the permanent residence of a guard is expected, this will also require the deployment of some minimal domestic infrastructure. The trailer had to be hauled up the hill by a tractor, so we will soon need to concrete the steepest sections of the road; otherwise, it will be difficult to deliver many cargoes. In time, the road will be fully concreted.

Since the construction of houses is about to begin, the issue of privatizing individual plots for building has become urgent. For now, a preliminary plan was drawn up, and mechanisms for mutual agreement on who gets which plot were tested in the chat. For instance, I was chased off a piece of land I liked twice, until I grabbed one for which competition was slightly lower. In addition, a drone was purchased; it is intended to perform aerial photography, tie it to the stakes set in the ground by the surveyor (whose coordinates are precisely known)—and then the preliminary plan can be corrected taking into account the features of the terrain and the remaining trees on the plot. A test flight was conducted yesterday; it didn’t go very well, and it is expected to be repeated soon with slightly corrected parameters. The drone, as is customary in Montelibero, was purchased by a private initiative group through equity participation and using the tokenomics built around the project; its use is regulated by an agreement drawn up between them, and whether they use it for entertainment or monetize it in some way is their business; for me, it is more interesting as a practical solution to various problems related to property rights.

Last week, project volunteers carried out a humanitarian special operation: they rescued one Russian political emigrant from an anarcho-commune at a farmstead near Bijelo Polje. Following her, another communard migrated to us on his own (he is the one we plan to use as a guard living in the trailer). This is how communities work under ancap. Ideologically, they aren’t very close to us yet, but they will do as fellow travelers, and we’ll see from there.

But we are, of course, not so much stealing people from other projects as we are attracting our own settlers. For example, the other day a family of five migrated to Montenegro, which is a record for us so far. Unfortunately, the project website is updated very rarely and sporadically because there is no one to manage it, so the settler counter on it is unlikely to be up to date. As for the freshest information about Montelibero, as before—it’s in the project’s telegram channel.

Finally, I would like to recommend an English-language blog about settling in Montenegro by one of the project participants, which is posted in the English-language Montelibero telegram channel under the hashtag . There are slightly fresher impressions of the country and how local life is organized than what you can find from me.

Is flying an aircraft over territory belonging to another person trespassing under ancap?

Do you need to ask them for permission before flying? Is it necessary to somehow amortize the risk of the aircraft falling on the property of people located beneath it, and how to compensate for the noise of the engines/propellers? What is your personal/Montelibero/Montenegrin position on this issue?

L29Ah (the question is accompanied by a donation of 0.012345678901 Monero)

I like how David Friedman analyzes this and many other questions (sorry for buzzing your ears with him so much). He analyzes the topic in great detail in the book The Machinery of Freedom. I have managed to get through about a third of it so far. Much more concisely—in one of the chapters of The Machinery of Freedom. There, economic analysis of law is also used as a basis for reasoning. This often allows for a fairly clear generalization of those specific answers that I have to give from time to time.

To put it very briefly, the lower the transaction costs for proposed deals to purchase rights to actions that violate others’ interests, the more convenient it is to recognize the owners’ right to prohibit such actions. If necessary, the potential trespasser will buy the right of passage. And the higher the transaction costs, the more convenient the procedure of judicial settlement of such cases becomes through claims for damages. No one defines a specific threshold altitude at which one can fly over someone else’s property, but if the flight caused damage, it will have to be compensated in court. Flights over someone else’s territory at a sufficiently high altitude (so as to at least not crash into terrain irregularities in normal mode and not frighten people with the wild roar of engines) are clearly the second case; obtaining permission to fly from all owners over whose territory it may occur is an unrealistic task.

Specifically in Montenegro, there is state licensing for the import of drones into the country, certain weight restrictions, a ban on flying above a certain altitude, and other highly sophisticated restrictions, some of which can be bypassed, while in others it proves too expensive, and it is simpler to accept that a certain application of drones is too troublesome to engage in systematically. Naturally, we in Montelibero find the complete repeal of all these regulations desirable, because drones can at least be used to take beautiful photos, which is useful for promoting the project. But, of course, the drone owner must be prepared for the fact that if their expensive toy falls on someone else’s plot, they may well lose it. The plot owner is not responsible if a cow steps on the fallen drone, or if his underage son decides to break something off this unexpected gift. He is not even obliged to let the drone owner onto his territory—here, the right of prohibition applies, because the transaction costs for purchasing the right of passage are small.

Here we filmed our plot with a drone, but this required flying over the neighbors as well